Using the Agglomerative Method of Hierarchical Clustering as a Data Mining Tool in Capital Market

The purpose of this paper is to explain the notion of clustering and a concrete clustering method- agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm. It shows how a data mining method like clustering can be applied to the analysis of stocks, traded on the Bulgarian Stock Exchange in order to identify similar temporal behavior of the traded stocks. This problem is solved with the aid of a data mining tool that is called XLMiner™ for Microsoft Excel Office

Two-Wave Mixing in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Structures for Dynamic Holography

The chapter reviews recent progress of two-wave mixing in a novel organic-inorganic hybrid structures that combine essential properties as large anisotropy and strong birefringence, typical for organics with the excellent photosensitivity and photoconductivity of inorganics into single, compact devices. Depending on the designed assembly and operation principle, the proposed structures can record dynamic holographic gratings at Raman-Nath or Bragg regimes of diffraction, respectively. When the two beams interact in a structure based on a photoconductive material and birefringent layer (usually liquid crystal), the beam coupling with high amplification values occur in a liquid crystal layer, however, the fringe period of recorded holograms is limited to few μm scale. In contrast, when the two beams interact in a structure based on a photorefractive material and birefringent layer, the beam-coupling occurs in both composites, due to the surface activated photorefractive effect. The prime significance of the later structure is the ability to act as a holographic grating at Bragg regime allowing sub-micron spatial resolution. Moreover they are easy and simple to fabricate where the processes are all optically controlled. The above examples open scenarios to design new devices that meet the latest requirements of 3D display technologies and optical information processing

Политическая аккомодация культурных различий в индустриально развитых обществах

The notion of "political accommodation" applied to the theory and practice of managing cultural diversity could enrich the Russian academic dictionary. Liberal democratic states invented specific mechanisms for political accommodation of cultural differences. Thanks to these mechanisms, the part of the population of a democratic state that is not ready to dissolve into the ethnocultural majority is more or less protected. The law not only prohibits forced assimilation, but also contains a number of norms that allow ethnocultural minorities to maintain their distinctiveness by passing it on from generation to generation. However, this is the case in liberal democracies with a long history. In states that emerged as a result of the collapse of two multinational policies - Yugoslavia and the USSR - the situation sometimes looks quite specific. They take more active measures for cultural homogenization than in previous years. As for Russia, in recent years there have been symptomatic changes in the sphere of ethno-cultural policy, which, although with a number of reservations, can be described in terms of "nationalization"

Automated quantitative evaluation of brain MRI may be more accurate for discriminating preterm born adults

Objective To investigate the structural brain abnormalities and their diagnostic accuracy through qualitative and quantitative analysis in term born and very preterm birth or with very low birth weight (VP/VLBW) adults. Methods We analyzed 3-T MRIs acquired in 2011–2013 from 67 adults (27 term born controls, mean age 26.4 years, 8 females; 40 VP/VLBWs, mean age 26.6 years, 16 females). We compared automatic segmentations of the white matter, deep gray matter and cortical gray matter, manual corpus callosum measurements and visual ratings of the ventricles and white matter with t tests, logistic regression, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Automatic segmentation correctly classified 84% of cases; visual ratings correctly classified 63%. Quantitative volumetry based on automatic segmentation revealed higher ventricular volume, lower posterior corpus callosum, and deep gray matter volumes in VP/VLBW subjects compared to controls (p < 0.01). Visual rating and manual measurement revealed a thinner corpus callosum in VP/VLBW adults (p = 0.04) and deformed lateral ventricles (p = 0.03) and tendency towards more “dirty” white matter (p = 0.06). Automatic/manual measures combined with visual ratings correctly classified 87% of cases. Stepwise logistic regression identified three independent features that correctly classify 81% of cases: ventricular volume, deep gray matter volume, and white matter aspect. Conclusion Enlarged and deformed lateral ventricles, thinner corpus callosum, and “dirty” white matter are prevalent in preterm born adults. Their visual evaluation has low diagnostic accuracy. Automatic volume quantification is more accurate but time consuming. It may be useful to ask for prematurity before initiating further diagnostics in subjects with these alterations

Experimental demonstration of a magnetically induced warping transition in a topological insulator mediated by rare-earth surface dopants

Magnetic topological insulators (MTI) constitute a novel class of materials where the topologically protected band structure coexists with long-range ferromagnetic order, which can lead to the breaking of time-reversal symmetry (TRS), introducing a bandgap in the Dirac cone-shaped topological surface state (TSS). The gap opening in MITs has been predicted to be accompanied by a distortion in the TSS, evolving its warped shape from hexagonal to trigonal. In this work, we demonstrate such a transition by means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy after the deposition of low concentrations of magnetic rare earths, namely Er and Dy, on the ternary three-dimensional prototypical topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_2$Te. Signatures of the gap opening occurring as a consequence of the TRS breaking have also been observed, whose existence is supported by the observation of the aforementioned transition. Moreover, increasing the Er coverage results in a tunable p-type doping of the TSS. As a consequence, the Fermi level (E$_{\textrm{F}}$) of our Bi$_2$Se$_2$Te crystals can be gradually tuned towards the TSS Dirac point, and therefore to the magnetically induced bandgap; thus fulfilling two of the necessary prerequisites for the realization of the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in this system. The experimental results are rationalized by a theoretical model where a magnetic Zeeman out-of-plane term is introduced in the hamiltonian governing the TSS band dispersion. Our results offer new strategies to control magnetic interactions with TSSs based on a simple approach and open up viable routes for the realization of the QAHE

Resolving spin currents and spin densities generated by charge-spin interconversion in systems with reduced crystal symmetry

The ability to control the generation of spins in arbitrary directions is a long-sought goal in spintronics. Charge to spin interconversion (CSI) phenomena depend strongly on symmetry. Systems with reduced crystal symmetry allow anisotropic CSI with unconventional components, where charge and spin currents and the spin polarization are not mutually perpendicular to each other. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that the CSI in graphene-WTe induces spins with components in all three spatial directions. By performing multi-terminal nonlocal spin precession experiments, with specific magnetic fields orientations, we discuss how to disentangle the CSI from the spin Hall and inverse spin galvanic effects.We acknowledge support of the European Union's Horizon 2020 FET-PROACTIVE project TOCHA under Grant No. 824140 and of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI), Ministry of Science and Innovation, under Contracts No. PID2019-111773RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and SEV-2017-0706 Severo Ochoa. J F S acknowledges support from AEIunder contract RYC2019-028368-I/AEI/10.13039/50110001103, W S T and M V C from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, Grant No. 881603 (Graphene Flagship), and I F A of a fellowship from 'la Caixa' Foundation (ID 100010434) with code LCF/BQ/DI18/11660030 and of H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant No. 713673. J S acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 754558